Plant Lamps

Researchers in Peru have a new way to capture electricity from plants and bacteria to help rain forest communities.Researchers have developed a technique for capturing the electricity emitted from plants. Actually, to be fair, a genus of bacteria that live in the soil — that do the grunt work. Robby Berman at Slate explains the process:

“Nutrients in plants encounter microorganisms called ‘geobacters’ in the dirt, and that process releases electrons that electrodes in the dirt can capture. A grid of these electrodes can transfer the electrons into a standard battery.”

UTEC has partnered with global ad agency FCB to produce 10 prototypes and distribute them to houses in the rain forest village of Nuevo Saposoa. Each contains an electrode grid buried in dirt, in which a single plant grows. The grid connects to a battery, which powers a large LED lamp attached to an adjustable arm on the outside of the box. The UTEC video below shows the boxes in action (including a money shot of a lamp being triumphantly turned on .

Schemes For Wind Turbine

Usually in Our Country Wind turbines are only used, in some places where the rated wind speed is achieved for maximum efficiency.Hence we introduce the various topologies based on the two major types of generators:

  I. Induction Generator or Asynchronous Generator
 II. Synchronous Generator

Asynchronous Generator

This category consists of three further types i.e

1)  Squirrel cage induction generator

It is simple and robust.Easy and cheap for mass production. It enables stall regulated machines to operate at a constant speed when it is connected to a large grid, which provides a stable control frequency.It doesn’t have current harmonics since it has no frequency conversion.


2) Wound Rotor Induction Generator

As compared to the previous scheme, this configuration has a wider range of speeds above synchronous speed, thus making it more suitable.


3) Doubly fed Induction Generator
Ability to produce more output than its rated power without being overheated. Ability of transferring maximum power both in sub-synchronous and super synchronous modes. Converter is connected to rotor, so its power rating is reduced and the whole power flows through the stator.

Synchronous Generator

This category consists of ;

1)PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR (PMSG)
Light weight and small size in construction.Low losses and high efficiency. No need of external excitation current. It is useful for small wind turbines, but for large wind turbines the size of the magnet has to be increased.

Attack at Kunduz

Kunduz, being a part of Afghanistan, came under attack in past days and is probably still in control of Taliban as per the international news. Taliban attacked this particular part and took the whole control of there including the intelligence HQ of Afghan national forces. Now the matter of fact that why the timing of this attack are so much critical.

Now when the NATO, U.S forces and other joint military forces had announced before that they will be leaving Afghanistan sooner and only 1/6 of the present troops there will be deployed only, this attacked was definitely pre-planned before as U.S had never wanted Pakistan to come out of the state of war at any cost and wants Pakistan to be completely de-stabilize.

For this purpose even after the departure of different military alliances, Indian military would be deployed in Afghanistan. And it's definitely to pressurize and de-stabilize Pakistan from another way. Pakistan is currently fighting 3 wars i.e. at Waziristan, LOC, Baluchistan and this 4th war is being embossed over Pakistan to de-stabilize our country.

That's the 2nd face of the attack that really have to be shown to the country men to wake them up, that how  they are again being pushed towards the war from the 4th side i.e Afghanistan. May Allah protect our country and  armed forces .Ameen

#Pakistan Zindaabaad

Women,eternally strong

Our religion Islam has always been promoting equal rights of women and their role in society as stated in Surah Al-nisa ;

' There is a share for men and a share for women from what is left by parents and those nearest related, whether, the property be small or large - a legal share.'

But still some of the people in our society, being educated too, are unable to understand their role and rights in our society. Generally we consider men as a strong holder or leader over everything, oh yes! it's true but to encourage that leader, motivate to do much better and guide him in every way  is a woman. That woman who bears all the pain and toughness of life but still manages to smile and performs much better than before.

Mostly in our society men demotivate women whenever they get their chance to do so, whether it's when woman in driving, cooking, cleaning, shopping and etc, they always do so without even knowing her eternal feelings. Mostly men only needs women to just do their works only, being their wife, but the thing followed should be, that they should have been great companions struggling together, motivating each other, helping each other and most of all respecting each other.

To understand a woman is the toughest job in the world I guess but still if your intentions are good towards her, you'll be finding all the good in her after realizing that how tough her life is.

#RESPECT #WOMEN

E-Cigarettes

Nearly ten years ago, a tobacco alternative called e-cigarettes hit American store shelves and quickly exploded into a billion dollar biz, and it's all based on technology that's over a half-century old. We have to go back in time to 1963 when Herbert A. Gilbert patented a device that was similar to the e-cigarette of today. He was way ahead of his time and wanted a cigarette that was devoid of tobacco as he was aware of the carcinogenic nature of the plant.

However, Mr. Herbert was not able to market the product as the hazards of tobacco were not widely known and advertised to the masses. Smoking a tobacco cigarette was the glamour of the day with people wanted to associate themselves with the Marlboro man and celebrity stars who made smoking a fashion. Since people were not much aware of the hazards of tobacco smoking, they would not go for a comparatively safer alternative to regular cigarettes.

The history of e-cigarette is not all moonlight and roses. It was mired by critical onslaught from many agencies that looked at health benefits of e-cigs with great doubt. Although there was no research to prove that e-cigs had an adverse effect on health, many looked at the e-cigarette with doubt.

In 2009 USA, Australia and Canada both banned the e-cigs on the premise that they should be registered formally before companies market them. E-cigarette companies quickly retaliated and formed Electronic Cigarette Association to make certain that any laws that were made regarding the e-cigarette were just and honest. Furthermore, Consumer Advocates for Smoke-Free Alternatives Association came into existence to promote users to switch to e-cigarettes as a safer alternative to tobacco-enriched cigarettes.

E-cigarettes have come a long way since being introduced in 2006. Many different types of e-cigarettes are available on the market to suit individual taste and smoking style. Originally, the e-cigarettes were disposable in that you had to throw them away after one use. However, new innovations soon took place and now e-cigarettes are available with bigger, rechargeable batteries that last a long time before requiring replacement.

Although their future is still shrouded in mystery due to not being welcomed with open arms by the regulatory authorities around the world, there is no denying the fact that e-cigarettes are here to stay. They have become popular with the masses who are switching away from regular cigarettes to enjoy the innovative vaping experience of e-cigarettes that is pleasurable and pleasing to the users.

Induction Motor techniques

Induction motors itself is a huge field of study, but there are 2 main techniques that an engineer should really know regarding such machines which are as follow ;

1. Self Starting -> An additional auxiliary winding , called starting winding is provided on the stator of the motor at an axis of 90 degrees, with reference to the axis of the main winding. Both the winding are connected in parallel across the supply. A relay is provided on the auxiliary winding for self starting purpose only, this relay automatically disconnects once the motor is being self started.
   
   
   
   
2. Capacitor Start technique -> A capacitor is connected in series with the auxiliary winding to improve the power factor of the induction motor, same as the capacitor and the auxiliary winding are at 90 degrees axis w.r.t to the main winding. Both the capacitor and the auxiliary winding are parallel to the supply.
   

Energy System and Cost in Pakistan

From past 7 years we have been suffering through major problems in our country, among those major problems is the shortfall of electricity in our country. Plus if we are not getting the required electricity ,then why are we charged for the bills that are almost double to the amount of electricity consumed by us.

Apart from government perspective the truth is government of Pakistan is completely bound to the IMF policies which clearly states for the increment in electricity tariff and increment in load shedding too. Shortfall of electricity is not a mishap of government its just a thing created itself by the government to overcome the specific amount of their debt plus ,also to refill their bank accounts too.

For an example Karachi's need is above 2000 MVA  ,but the supplied power to the city is less than that, the problem is not in the generation machines, but they do not run their whole system, else how would they be able to refill their pockets? If all the units of BIN QASIM plant are being run then this city faces no shortfall of electricity at any moment, but this does not happen though and increment in NEPRA's tariff is simply like playing darts in the dark for them, if we compare the tariff's rate from all over the world with Pakistan, then surely we are paying almost triple the amount the world pays for 1 unit of electricity.

Similarly at Jamshoro power plant, among the 3 units only 1 is made to be in working condition due to the fact that if all the 3 units will be running properly then this shortfall will be covered within a minute and how will the government be refilling their pockets then?

Syrian Refugees

It's been a history in Muslim rule and also its clearly stated in Quran that a Non Muslim can never be a friend of a Muslim at any cost. Under the light of such sayings, in the past various Muslim rulers who were traitors were hanged by the Muslim military leaders of that time over their act of friendship and providing aid to Non Muslim. This act was pretty much necessary for Muslims to conquer the lands on world like Syria, Palestine, Egypt and etc where Christians had killed innocent Muslims allot.

Same situation is being observed today as same as in past, they used to kill Muslims with cruelty with one hand and from the other hand they shake hands for friendship. Now a days almost majority Muslim states are under war by the Christian or Jew states and Arab countries are far asleep as they are getting heavy aid from those Non Muslim countries over being quite. 

Example given is the condition of Syrian refugees who were killed with cruelty a few months ago by their own leadership over the orders of Israel and U.S and these refugees are now being settled in Non Muslim countries by these countries who were directly involved in killing them.

20,000 refugees to be settled in U.K ,majority of them are being settled in Germany and etc. Most of all the history is being repeated as in past. When non Muslims weren't able to defeat Muslims with war then they started speaking the language of love and peace and tried to harm the religion of Muslims and they were quite successful in their strategy.

Same strategy is being repeated now ,by one hand they kill us and from the 2nd hand they support us in their countries, such dual faced attitude only concludes that they again want to destroy us by their fake language of peace and love and they did harm us allot by this in past, and are going to harm our religion more now . May Allah Protect all the  Muslims.

Raheel Shareef, 'A Reflection'

Gen. Raheel Shareef, being born in the military family was grew up in Quetta. His elder brother Major Shabbir Shareef (shaheed) was the course mate of Gen. Pervez Musharraf at military academy.

Now a days Gen. Raheel Shareef is the chief of Army Staff and his serving so brilliantly under his profession by fighting against each and every terrorist. Under his command ,Pakistan Army have crossed the borders of success almost at every step.

If we slightly move back in the past, under the era of Salah Uddin Ayubi and his military, and we are known to his war techniques, intelligence sharing and all the stuff related to operations, war strategies and etc, and then again if we look at today's Raheel Shareef's leadership over the army ,one can surely confirm that there is some reflection of Salah Uddin Ayubi in Gen. Raheel Shareef.

The way Ayubi did run his intelligence system, is the same system adapted by the Pakistan Army, and the credit again goes to Chief Raheel Shareef for guiding the military in a different way. Even if we observe the operation strategy in Karachi, Waziristan and Shawwal, we will definitely find Ayubi's way of war reflection  in it.

Pakistan Zindabad ,
Pakistan Army Paindabad

Protections at Power Plant

There are several protections that are kept in view while generating power. While transfer of power from generator to the main yard several things are observed and can also be said to be some precautions which are as follow ;

• Differential Protection : This sort of protection is related to a transformer that it's output must be a balanced load i.e 120 degree phase difference between all the 3 phases.
  
  
• Loss of Excitation : This occurs when the safety breakers trip in the yard, this may include over excitation and under excitation, the precaution to be notice is that       15.7 KV generated at generator's output is ideal, in case of some mishap generator should generate maximum 17.5 KV and minimum 14.7 KV .
  
  
• Frequencies : It should be kept in observation that minimum 45.7 Hz, else over heating phenomenon will be observed and maximum frequency should be 52.6 Hz only more than that can cause some dis order in system.
  
  
• Cooling Effect : For heavy duty transformers ,along with oil, cooling fans are used too for the prevention related to over heating. If in some case these fans stop working, then in 20 mins the transformer will automatically trip in such case.
  

Karachi's Solution

From past 7 years in Karachi people of this city have been facing severe law and order situations But from past 2 years the situation is very much better from the previous era.This is just due to the law enforcement agencies ,Pakistan army, Sindh rangers , IB and probably the interior minister of Pakistan is leading all of them.

The point to be focused on is, that Sindh gov and Sindh police is nothing but simply a statue in this whole scenario, they are performing nothing in this city. Their job is just to extend the Rangers stay in Karachi, which is not a permanent solution for this city. From past 7 years Sindh gov is doing this act and hiding their own mistakes and flaws.

Same is the situation of judiciary and Sindh police, they are simply taking bribes and releasing the criminals that are caught by the Sindh rangers and other agencies, and those criminals are again set free by our judiciary and Sindh police.

According to several surveys 80% of the citizens admitted that the situation of the city is fairly better now and that's all due to the Sindh rangers and Sindh gov and Sindh police have no contribution in it as they can only take bribe, drink weed and etc.

The permanent solution for Karachi's situation is to create a Police force free of politics and judiciary too, free of politics and Sindh gov must wake up now to kick off such officers in judiciary and in Sindh police, because rangers is a para military force and its work is needed more over borders, one can't keep them in city always for operations and other stuff as they have more responisbilty over borders.

When this judiciary and Sindh police will be free of corrupt and careless officers, then we can really say that now Sindh gov have taken step for this city.

Pakistan Zindabad, Pakistan Army Paindabaad !!!

Importance of Siachen for Pakistan

The Siachen crisis, just like Kashmir, is the result of uncompleted border demarcation between the two nations but expansionist designs of India are the core reason behind this problem. This is why India is reluctant to implement the 1989 agreement. Historically, Siachen belongs to Pakistan; all of it. All the international climbing and mountaineering expedition teams to climb K-2 and other mountains, always got their NoC's from the Pakistani governments.
Apart from this, Siachen has been shown as part of Pakistan in many of international world atlases like UN Defense Mapping Agency (DMA), Historical Atlas of South Asia by Chicago University, Britannica Atlas, National Geographic Society of World Atlas and Times World Atlas.
Now, looking at the map of the LoC and Siachen and extending the line towards North, as stated in the 1949 agreement, clearly suggests that not only the glacier but also the two highest passes (Sia La, Bilafond La) belongs to Pakistan. The battle zone comprised an inverted triangle resting on NJ 9842 with Indira Col and the Karakorum pass as the other two extremities.
The Indian Army controls a few of the top-most heights, holding on to the tactical advantage of high ground, however with the Pakistani forces in control of Baltoro and other glaciers and valleys in immediate West to Saltoro ridgeline, Indian access to K-2 and other surrounding peaks has been blocked effectively and mountaineering expeditions to these peaks continue to go through with the approval of the Government of Pakistan. The situation is as such that Pakistanis cannot get up to the glacier, while the Indians cannot come down. Presently India holds entire 75 KM of Siachen glacier and commands two of the three passes including the highest motorable pass – Khardungla Pass.

Can Pakistan risk this strategic region for the sake of peace appeals by some Indian apologists in Pakistan? This is the core question and the only answer to that question is „Never!‟ Understanding the multi pronged Indian strategy towards Pakistan is essential in order to comprehend the above answer. Right now, India is waging a covert war within Pakistan on following axis.

1. Supporting TTP and BLA, from Afghanistan, in order to thin-out Pakistan Army in an endless war against terrorism.

2. Economic intimidation of Pakistan and to destroy Pakistan’s food supply chain, through water aggression is relatively new but most ruthless move in this hushed war by India.

3. Backing and supporting the sub-nationalists and the separatist elements in Baluchistan and Sindh.

4. Ideological subversion and information warfare. Psi-ops to spread despondency and provincial disharmony.

5. Military buildup across the Eastern border under the Pakistan specific Cold Start Doctrine  (CSD).

6. Coercive diplomacy and lobbying in Washington to destroy Kashmiris struggle for the self-determination by linking it to global terrorism.

7. Trade liberalization in the presence of core issues like Kashmir. Extending economic and trade outreach to Afghanistan and Central Asia using Pakistani road links.

8. Forcing Pakistan to accept a back channel settlement of Kashmir issue which will be amenable to Indian interests only and would destroy the Pakistani case in UN.

This Indian strategy has been wreaking havoc in Pakistan since the beginning of war on terror. Siachen issue must be analyzed in this bigger and broader strategic context to completely comprehend the grand Indian designs to isolate and then decapitate Pakistan to become regional and then global player after competing with China.

Pakistan made series of strategic miscalculations and mistakes on Kashmir issue during the last 2 decades and now there is no margin of error. The country is already in state of war against sub- conventional insurgencies and terrorism amid corruption, economic meltdown, ideological subversion, Indian media onslaught and historically worst governance. These facets of war have put Pakistan into a compromising position as exhibited by the decisions made over trade with India without demanding the solution for Kashmir. Indians being the main protagonist in Pakistan‟s existential war of survival are aware of the situation and want to get maximum concessions on each and every unresolved issue. Siachen is one of such core issues where
country‟s strategic interests are at stake and Gyari avalanche has provided the opportunity to the Indian elements within Pakistani media and civil society to push Indian foreign policy agenda. In present chaotic internal security situation, best option for Pakistan is to maintain the status quo on Siachen issue and pursue the settlement of the issue according to the bilateral agreements of 1949 and 1989 for demarcation of LoC and demilitarization of the glacier. Any backdoor diplomacy
over this critical battlefield would be suicidal and treacherous and Pakistani nation and armed forces would never accept another strategic blunder, not after giving countless ultimate sacrifices.

Typical Power Systems in Pakistan

Usually in our country mostly the power plants are being operated or being run via steam turbines i.e too much costly. Only two of our major turbines are being run over hydal or water turbine that's the cheapest and easiest source of generating power but due to the lack of management we are bound to run our power plants over steam mostly.
Even though there is lack in those steam dependent power plants, including the improper usage of waste coal, that can further be used to fabricate cement and less attention towards the structure of power plant.
In Pakistan mostly the alternator used to generate the power is, usually a Japanese fabricated alternator with a capacity around 30,000 KVA . When the pressurized steam is being hit the propellers of a turbine, it takes enough time for that turbine to achieve its rated speed, further when this rated speed is achieved, the coupled alternator also moves along with the turbine to generate the rated power i.e 250 MVA .
We can say that this alternator's output voltages are around 15.8 KV ,which are stepped up via main transformer with a rating of 250 MVA too , this 15.7 KV is stepped up to 220 KV and then being sent to the yard towards the national grid all over the country.
Another part of this 15.8 KV is stepped down via auxiliary transformer with a rating of        25 MVA, this 15.8 KV is stepped down to 6.6 KV for the purpose of operating C.W pumps (Condensate water pumps). Further this 6.6 KV is stepped down to 0.4 KV for the purpose of operating lights and other small rated pumps and etc for the power plant.
The power being transferred to our homes is the one coming via national grid i.e 220 KV, which is stepped down in grid station and then again stepped down via PMT's (pole mounted transformers) in our streets and then supplied to our homes.

One of the Greatest Warriors in the hisory

By reading about the history, background, training and other perspectives of His life, I came to realize that we do need such people among us, who leads us to a successful route of life in every way. He was the one, generating and producing new and efficient techniques to conquer over the enemy during the wars. His intelligence system was incredible to defeat the all time great intelligence systems of Christians at that time in early 1100's. Even the commanders of his enemy troops admitted his bravery and his brilliant war playing techniques.
He is none but the great SULTAN SALAH UDDIN AYUBBI, the guy known as 'one man army'. Salahuddin Ayyubi, who now lived in Damascus, was reported to have a particular fondness of the city, but information on his early childhood is scarce. About education, Salahuddin Ayyubi wrote

"Children are brought up in the way in which their elders were brought up."

 People came to visit him from every walk of life and flocked to his court from all parts. He never disappointed the hopes of visitors nor allowed them to depart with empty hands. When the crusaders heard that Salahuddin was ruling successfully they were convinced that he would soon overtake them, lay waste their usurped dwellings and wipe away all traces of their rule. This would most probably have happened but Salahuddin had one substantial obstacle - the disunity of the Muslims. They had immense riches and natural strength in the region and spent most of their time fighting each other rather than the real enemy. It took Salahuddin 18 years to get the attention of the Muslims in order to liberate Muslim lands. During that time Muslims were barely holding out in Egypt and Syria. Yet slowly, Salahuddin as example through persuasion, teaching, time and understanding worked to unite the Muslims. Kurds, Turks, Arabs and Egyptians - they were all Muslims and his servants when he called, Lane writes.

  “In spite of their differences of race, their national jealousies he had kept them together”